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European Exploration
European exploration stared in the 15th century. They took ships and sailed in search of new trade routes. The most well known explorer would be Christopher Columbus. |
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Jamestown
Jamestown was founded in 1607 and was the first permanent settlement in America. Jamestown is located in present day Virgina. |
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House of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses was the first democratically-elected legislative body in the British American colonies. The house was established by the Virginia Company, who created the body as part of an effort to encourage people to settle in North America |
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Pilgrims
The pilgrims were a group of people from Babworth, East Retford, and Nottinghamshire, England who came together around the 1600's. The left England to escape religious persecution and landed in Plymouth, present day Massachusetts. |
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Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower compact was the first governing document of the Plymouth Colony. It was written by separatist Congregationalists who called themselves "Saints". |
Magellan's Voyage
Most Influential Explorer
I think that Ferdinand Magellan is the most influential explorer because he led the first European voyage to circumnavigate the globe. His voyage started in 1519 and ended in 1522. Even though he died before they completed their journey he still left his crew with the knowledge and experience to complete the trip. The crew was able to return with information about the new world. They also brought back many valuable spices. Ferdinand Magellan was also able to prove that it's possible to sail around the world and that it isn't flat. Magellan was able to successfully navigate, what is now known as, the Strait of Magellan. This why I think that Magellan was the most influential explorer.
Surviving Jamestown
1. Magnetic Compass
2. Flint and Striker
3. Salted Pork & Hard Tack
4. Astrolabe
5. Musket
6. Axe
7. Bleeding Bowl
8. Case Bottle
9.Candlestick Holder
10. Bartman Jar
11. Sword
12. Hammock
13. Hemp Rope
14. Coins
15. Beads
2. Flint and Striker
3. Salted Pork & Hard Tack
4. Astrolabe
5. Musket
6. Axe
7. Bleeding Bowl
8. Case Bottle
9.Candlestick Holder
10. Bartman Jar
11. Sword
12. Hammock
13. Hemp Rope
14. Coins
15. Beads
Colony Notes:
April 5, 1762
I first arrived here in South Carolina and in almost two years ago have traveled through many of the colonies in that time. I’ve seen many different things in each colony and have discovered that everyone who came here is for a certain reason. Some people wanted freedom of religion, some wanted the land, and some just wanted money.
I was shocked to find out that not every colony had public school for the children to attend. Unlike England these towns aren’t required to have public schools. Many of the children I have encountered told me that they have had little or no formal education. And the girls said that the boy's education was of higher need than theirs. The wealthy planters hired tutors to educate the younger children at home while the older children had to attend schools in distant cities. Massachusetts on the other hand had passed a law in 1647 that any town with 50 families must hire an instructor to teach their children.
The family life in these colonies is different than what I would have expected. The men and women marry in their mid 20s and the servants can’t marry until they are free. Also, the families here are very large in number. Many have between 7-10 kids. But that is expected considering that half of the die before adulthood.
In the colonies they do have social classes. There is the wealthy who tend to wear gold, silver, colored lace, button boots, and wigs. Then the middle class which consists of farmers and artisans. Next is the lower class which is farm hands and any other workers. Last at the bottom is servants and slaves. Every colony that I have encountered has enslaved African Americans. They were shipped over here on tightly crowded ships from west Africa. The African Americans are used to raise crops such as tobacco, rice, indigo, and any other cash crops.
As I traveled I discovered that many of the colonies support various faiths. Some children grew up reading the bible. The puritans worshipped every Sunday, sometimes for five hours. The preachers would travel from town to town hosting revival meetings outside. Then there was the Great Awakening that spread the idea that everyone was equal in the eye of God.
I’m enjoying my stay here in the English Colonies and am looking forward to making new discoveries. If I do I will surely report them back to you.
Sincerely,
Makena Robinson
I first arrived here in South Carolina and in almost two years ago have traveled through many of the colonies in that time. I’ve seen many different things in each colony and have discovered that everyone who came here is for a certain reason. Some people wanted freedom of religion, some wanted the land, and some just wanted money.
I was shocked to find out that not every colony had public school for the children to attend. Unlike England these towns aren’t required to have public schools. Many of the children I have encountered told me that they have had little or no formal education. And the girls said that the boy's education was of higher need than theirs. The wealthy planters hired tutors to educate the younger children at home while the older children had to attend schools in distant cities. Massachusetts on the other hand had passed a law in 1647 that any town with 50 families must hire an instructor to teach their children.
The family life in these colonies is different than what I would have expected. The men and women marry in their mid 20s and the servants can’t marry until they are free. Also, the families here are very large in number. Many have between 7-10 kids. But that is expected considering that half of the die before adulthood.
In the colonies they do have social classes. There is the wealthy who tend to wear gold, silver, colored lace, button boots, and wigs. Then the middle class which consists of farmers and artisans. Next is the lower class which is farm hands and any other workers. Last at the bottom is servants and slaves. Every colony that I have encountered has enslaved African Americans. They were shipped over here on tightly crowded ships from west Africa. The African Americans are used to raise crops such as tobacco, rice, indigo, and any other cash crops.
As I traveled I discovered that many of the colonies support various faiths. Some children grew up reading the bible. The puritans worshipped every Sunday, sometimes for five hours. The preachers would travel from town to town hosting revival meetings outside. Then there was the Great Awakening that spread the idea that everyone was equal in the eye of God.
I’m enjoying my stay here in the English Colonies and am looking forward to making new discoveries. If I do I will surely report them back to you.
Sincerely,
Makena Robinson
Causes of the Revolution
Proclamation-1763
law passed by Britain that forbid colonists to move west of the Appalachians.
Quartering Act-1765
Colonists were forced to house and feed the British soldiers for protection, but they felt that Britain didn't trust them.
The Stamp Act-1765
British put taxes on paper goods, cards, newspaper, etc. to pay off the debt of the French and Indian war. "No taxation with out representation"
The Townshed Act-1767
The British forced colonists to pay secret taxes that was only done at the ports on glass, lead, and paper.
The Boston Massacre-1770
British soldiers shot and killed 5 unarmed colonists igniting fury within Boston and the colonies.
The Boston Tea Party-1773
In protest to the tea act members of the Sons of Liberty dressed as Mohawk Indians and dumped tea in the Boston Harbor
The Intolerable (Coercive) Acts-1774
Britain closed the port of Boston, placed Massachusetts under military rule, and reinstated the Quartering Act in response to the Boston Tea Party.
First Continental Congress-1774
12 of the 13 colonies sent delegates and a Declaration of Rights to Philadelphia in order to respond to Britain and King George.
Lexington and Concord-1775
Britain was marching to Concord to seize the colonists stash of weapons, but the colonial militia was waiting there for them. "Shot heard 'round the World" was fired and the revolution began.
law passed by Britain that forbid colonists to move west of the Appalachians.
Quartering Act-1765
Colonists were forced to house and feed the British soldiers for protection, but they felt that Britain didn't trust them.
The Stamp Act-1765
British put taxes on paper goods, cards, newspaper, etc. to pay off the debt of the French and Indian war. "No taxation with out representation"
The Townshed Act-1767
The British forced colonists to pay secret taxes that was only done at the ports on glass, lead, and paper.
The Boston Massacre-1770
British soldiers shot and killed 5 unarmed colonists igniting fury within Boston and the colonies.
The Boston Tea Party-1773
In protest to the tea act members of the Sons of Liberty dressed as Mohawk Indians and dumped tea in the Boston Harbor
The Intolerable (Coercive) Acts-1774
Britain closed the port of Boston, placed Massachusetts under military rule, and reinstated the Quartering Act in response to the Boston Tea Party.
First Continental Congress-1774
12 of the 13 colonies sent delegates and a Declaration of Rights to Philadelphia in order to respond to Britain and King George.
Lexington and Concord-1775
Britain was marching to Concord to seize the colonists stash of weapons, but the colonial militia was waiting there for them. "Shot heard 'round the World" was fired and the revolution began.
Battles of the Revolution
Lexington and Concord
Articles of Confederation
The articles of Confederation were created during the revolution when the new United States needed a functioning government. It was drafted in 1777 but ratified in 1781. The Articles of Federation were rules that had to be followed by the government.
Strengths
Branches of Government:
Judicial- to ensure laws are constitutional
Executive- to enforce laws
Legislative- to make/pass laws (can declare war)
- April 19, 1775
- The British were headed to Lexington to take Colonial weapons and ammunition.
- They fought against minutemen militia
- No one knows who fired the first shot
- “The Shot Heard ‘Round the World!”
- General Washington wanted a win for his troops to boost their moral
- December 25, 1776
- 2,500 soldiers crossed the Delaware
- They attacked the sleeping British and German soldiers while they were sleeping
- Killed over 100 men and took many as prisoners
- no American was killed
- British wanted control of the Hudson River Valley to cut off New England from the colonies
- Attacked at The Battle of Saratoga, but were defeated
- Major victory for America and a turning point in the war
- General Washington and the Colonial Army spent the winter in Valley Forge
- 1777-1778
- Extremely cold winter
- Soldiers did whatever was necessary to stay alive
- Washington's biggest task was to keep the soldiers morals in tack
- Continued to train and emerged from Valley Forge much more stronger and disciplined
Articles of Confederation
The articles of Confederation were created during the revolution when the new United States needed a functioning government. It was drafted in 1777 but ratified in 1781. The Articles of Federation were rules that had to be followed by the government.
Strengths
- administered the seven year war effort
- negotiated the Treaty of Paris w? Britain in 1783
- Established the Northwest ordinance of 1787
- Trade with foreign nations
- Financing the nation
- Foreign relations
- Interstate relations
Branches of Government:
Judicial- to ensure laws are constitutional
Executive- to enforce laws
Legislative- to make/pass laws (can declare war)
The Executive Branch
Qualifications:
1789- $25,000
1873- $50,000
1909- $75,000
1949- $100,000
1969- $200,000
2001- $400,000
Benefits:
1951: 22nd Amendment added to Constitution
-Limits President to 2 consecutive terms
Presidential Succession:
1841: William Henry Harrison became the 1st President to die while in office
VP John Tyler set a tradition by declaring himself president
1967: 25th Amendment turned tradition into law; says if Presidency is vacant, the VP president and then appoints a new VP
-since ratified the 25th Amendment has been used 3 times
1.) 1973: VP Spiro Agnew resigned; Pres. Nixon replaced him with Gerald Ford
2.) 1974: President Nixon resigned and Gerald Ford became president
3.) 1985: President Reagan was shot and during surgery VP George Bush became president for 8 hours
1.) Chief Executive
- Carries out nation's laws
- Issues Executive Orders (rule or command the President issues that has the force of law; usually during
2.) Chief Diplomat
-responsible for making treaties with other countries with senate approval
-meets with foreign leaders
-can make Executive Agreements with leaders of other countries
*has the force of law but does not require Senate approval
-responsible for appointing ambassadors w/ Senate approval
-an official representatives of a countryś government
3.) Commander and Chief
1973: War Powers act passed by congress
-president must notify congress when troops are sent anywhere
4.) Political Party Leader
-supports party members in election campaigns and helps unify the party
-appoints members to party to key govt. jobs
5.) Legislative Leader
-proposes legislation and uses many tactics to get the bill passed
-prepares the federal budget
-approves or vetoes legislation
6.) Judicial Leader
-appoints judges to Federal Courts and the U.S. Supreme Court
*Appoints Justices whose point of view is similar to their own
7.) Chief of State
-Role is symbolic-President is representing people from all 50 state
-Gives a human face to American govt.
-Can be demonstrated in many ways
*greeting heroes
*throwing the first pitches at baseball games
*inviting musicians to preform at white house
*attending funeral of other countryś leader or past U.S. Presidents
*speeches and ceremonies
8.) Vice President
Qualifications
same as president
Duties and Responsibilities
Serve as President of the Senate (only Constitutional duty)
President delegates out many responsibilities to VP
-taking part in Presidential Cabinet meeting
-helping with diplomatic relations with other countries
-Advising and helping President make important decisions
Judicial Branch
-Gives power to Congress to create any lover federal courts
US Court System Today
-Supreme Court: created by the constitution
-Federal District Courts: Created by Congress through the Judiciary Act of 1789-act as federal trial courts
-US Court of appeals: Created by congress in 1891-act as federal appeal courts
For all federal courts, including supreme court, judges serve for life, appointed by the president, confirmed by state.
US Court of Appeal
When is the supreme court in session?
term of the supreme court begins the first Monday in October and generally lasts until June or July of the following year
Cases presented to the supreme court may be presented through
1. Writ of Certiorari- an order by the court (when petitioned) directing a lower court to send up records of a case for review
Certificate- a lower court asks the supreme court about a rule or law of procedures in specific case
in order to be heard 4/9 must agree
Writing Opinions
supreme court decisions are explained in a written statement called an opinion
Bill of Rights
1st Amendment
Qualifications:
- 35 years old
- natural born citizen
- U.S. resident for 14 years
- anyone bore inside the U.S.
- anyone born outside the U.S., both parents are U.S. citizens. As long as one parent has lived in the U.S.
- anyone born outside, one parent citizen lived in U.S for one year
- born in U.S. possession, one parent is a U.S. citizen who lived in U.S. for one year
- found in US under age of 5, parentage cannot be determined as long as proof of non-citizenship isn't provided by 21
- born outside, one parent is alien other is U.S. citizen who lived in U.S for 5 years
1789- $25,000
1873- $50,000
1909- $75,000
1949- $100,000
1969- $200,000
2001- $400,000
Benefits:
- receive $50,000/ year for expenses up to $10,000/ year for travel
- salary cannot be changed during term
- free lodging at the White House and camp David
- president and family receives finest medical care possible and personal protection (secret service)
- president has plane (air force one) and a personal helicopter (marine one) at his disposal
- elections held every 4 years
- president elected by an electoral college
- candidate with most electoral votes wins the election
- 4 years= 1 presidential term
- constitution originally placed no limit on number of terms
- George Washington established a tradition when he stepped down after 2 terms
1951: 22nd Amendment added to Constitution
-Limits President to 2 consecutive terms
Presidential Succession:
1841: William Henry Harrison became the 1st President to die while in office
VP John Tyler set a tradition by declaring himself president
1967: 25th Amendment turned tradition into law; says if Presidency is vacant, the VP president and then appoints a new VP
-since ratified the 25th Amendment has been used 3 times
1.) 1973: VP Spiro Agnew resigned; Pres. Nixon replaced him with Gerald Ford
2.) 1974: President Nixon resigned and Gerald Ford became president
3.) 1985: President Reagan was shot and during surgery VP George Bush became president for 8 hours
- 8 U.S. Presidents have died in office
- William Harrison
- Zachary Taylor
- Abraham Lincoln
- James A. Garfield
- William McKinley
- Warren G. Harding
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt
- John F. Kennedy
- 1947: Congress passed the Presidential Succession Act which indicates the order of succession to the Presidency
- The Vice President
- Speaker of the House
- President pro tempore of the State
- Secretary of State
- Secretary of the Treasury
- Secretary of Defense
- Attorney General
- Secretary of the Interior
- Secretary of Agriculture
- Secretary of Commerce
- Secretary of Labor
- Secretary of Health and Human Services
- Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
- Secretary of Transportation
- Secretary of Energy
- Secretary of Education
- Secretary of Veterans Affair
- Secretary of Homeland Security
1.) Chief Executive
- Carries out nation's laws
- Issues Executive Orders (rule or command the President issues that has the force of law; usually during
2.) Chief Diplomat
-responsible for making treaties with other countries with senate approval
-meets with foreign leaders
-can make Executive Agreements with leaders of other countries
*has the force of law but does not require Senate approval
-responsible for appointing ambassadors w/ Senate approval
-an official representatives of a countryś government
3.) Commander and Chief
1973: War Powers act passed by congress
-president must notify congress when troops are sent anywhere
4.) Political Party Leader
-supports party members in election campaigns and helps unify the party
-appoints members to party to key govt. jobs
5.) Legislative Leader
-proposes legislation and uses many tactics to get the bill passed
-prepares the federal budget
-approves or vetoes legislation
6.) Judicial Leader
-appoints judges to Federal Courts and the U.S. Supreme Court
*Appoints Justices whose point of view is similar to their own
7.) Chief of State
-Role is symbolic-President is representing people from all 50 state
-Gives a human face to American govt.
-Can be demonstrated in many ways
*greeting heroes
*throwing the first pitches at baseball games
*inviting musicians to preform at white house
*attending funeral of other countryś leader or past U.S. Presidents
*speeches and ceremonies
8.) Vice President
Qualifications
same as president
Duties and Responsibilities
Serve as President of the Senate (only Constitutional duty)
President delegates out many responsibilities to VP
-taking part in Presidential Cabinet meeting
-helping with diplomatic relations with other countries
-Advising and helping President make important decisions
Judicial Branch
- No Judicial branch under Articles of Confederation
- Judicial Branch created in Article III of the US Supreme Court
-Gives power to Congress to create any lover federal courts
US Court System Today
- US has a dual system of courts
- State Courts- handle criminal and civil cases involving laws
-Supreme Court: created by the constitution
-Federal District Courts: Created by Congress through the Judiciary Act of 1789-act as federal trial courts
-US Court of appeals: Created by congress in 1891-act as federal appeal courts
For all federal courts, including supreme court, judges serve for life, appointed by the president, confirmed by state.
US Court of Appeal
- created by congress in 1891 to help lessen the work load of the Supreme Court
- Decided appeals from US district courts
- 12 US Court of Appeals
- Only court actually created directly by the Constitution
- Highest court in the federal judicial system
- Final authority in dealing with questions arising from the constitution, federal laws, and treaties
- Has both original and appellate jurisdiction
- 90% of cases are appeals from lower federal courts
- current size- 9 associates justices and 1 chief justice
- justices nominated by president of the US and confirmed by senate
- serve for "life"
- No formal qualifications for federal judges
- federal judges serve "during good behavior", which generally means for life
- may be removed from office through impeachment and conviction
When is the supreme court in session?
term of the supreme court begins the first Monday in October and generally lasts until June or July of the following year
Cases presented to the supreme court may be presented through
1. Writ of Certiorari- an order by the court (when petitioned) directing a lower court to send up records of a case for review
Certificate- a lower court asks the supreme court about a rule or law of procedures in specific case
in order to be heard 4/9 must agree
Writing Opinions
supreme court decisions are explained in a written statement called an opinion
Bill of Rights
1st Amendment
- The 1st Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, speech, the press, assembly, and petition
- This means that we all have the right to:
- practice any religion we want to
- to speak freely
- to assemble (meet)
- to address the government (petition)
- to publish newspapers, TV, radio, internet (press)
- The 2nd Amendment protects the right to bear arms, which means the right to own a gun
- The 3rd Amendment says " No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law."
- This means that we cannot be forced to house or quarter soldiers
- The 4th Amendment protects the people from unreasonable searches and seizures
- The 5th Amendment protects people from being held for committing a crime unless they are properly indicted, (accused)
- You may not be tried twice for the same crime (double jeopardy)
- You don't have to testify against yourself in court (Self-incrimination)
6th Amendment
- The 6th amendment guarantees a speedy trial (you can't be kept in jail for over a year without a trial)
- an impartial jury (doesn't already think you are guilty
- that the accused can confront witnesses against them
- the accused must be allowed to have a lawyer
- The 7th Amendment guarantees the right to a speedy civil trial
- A civil trial differs from a criminal trial. A civil trial is when the state tries to convict someone of a crime
- The 8th Amendment guarantees that punishments will be fair and not cruel, and that extraordinarily large fines will not be set.
- All rights not stated in the Constitution and not forbidden by the Constitution belong to the people
- This means that the states can do what they want if the Constitution does not forbid it
- The 10th amendment states that any power not granted to the federal government belongs to the states or to the people
Launching the Republic
George Washington
- unanimously elected president in 1789
- set precedents as the 1st president (2 term, cabinet members)
- proclaimed neutrality in conflict between France & England
- farewell address
- 1st Sec. of the Treasury
- Leader of the Federalist Party
- Established the National Bank
- Shot and killed by Aaron Burr
- tax placed on grain/distilled spirits
- angered farmers who rebelled against tax collectors
- Washington sent over 12,000 troops to quell the rebellion
- showed the power of the federal government
- Battle between Native Americans and the US
- Fighting over land in the Ohio Valley
- Treaty of Greenville ended war
- led to Ohio becoming a state
- France and Britain were at war
- both sides wanted the US's help
- Washington felt it was too soon and unwise for the US to engage in any other war
- created tension between the US and France
- Sept. 17th 1796
- warned against making permanent foreign allies
- warned against forming political parties
- warned against accumulating debt
- April 30th 1789
- spoke of how he and the government were there for the good of the people
- Federalists- Alexander Hamilton
- Democratic-Republicans- Thomas Jefferson
- D.R- favored a strict interpretation of the Constitution
- Fed.- favored a loose interpretation of the Constitution
- 1st Sec. of State
- 2nd V.P. of the US
- 3rd President of the US
- Adams appointed his "midnight judges"
- Jefferson told James Madison not to deliver the commissions
- Marbury (who was one of the judges) sued
- established judicial review for the supreme court
- 1st Sec of War under George Washington
- Election of 1796
- 1st election between 2 political parties
- John Adams won election
- Led to the 12th amendment being passed
- 1st V.P of the U.S
- 2nd President of the U.S. (1 term)
- Kept the U.S. out of war w/ France
- Father of the U.S Navy
- Adams sent a delegation to France to resolve disputes\
- French Prime Minister Tallegrand sent 3 agents to demand a bribe and loan for France
- Adam referred to the agents as X,Y,Z and urged congress to prepare for war
- designed to stop people from speaking out against the government
- citizenship requirements changed from 5 to 14 years
- John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson
- Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied w/ 73 electoral votes
Presidents 1-16
George Washington
- Supported the 1st Bank of the United States
- Served 2 Terms
- 1st President
John Adams
- Federalist
- Sedition Acts
- Alien Laws
- XYZ Affair
- Served 1 Term
Thomas Jefferson
- Democratic-Republican
- Embargo Act
- Wanted Small Military
- Louisiana Purchase
- Served 2 Terms
James Madison
- Democratic-Republican
- Macon’s Bill No. 2
- War of 1812 – Treaty of Ghent (1814)
- Tariff of 1816
- Rejected Nationally-Funded Roads
- Served 2 Terms
James Monroe
- Democratic-Republican
- “Era of Good Feelings”
- Panic of 1819
- Missouri Compromise
- Monroe Doctrine
- Served 2 Terms
John Quincy Adams
- Democrat
- Strong Nationalist
- Opposed Slavery
- Supported the building of nationally-funded roads and canals
- Served 1 Term
Andrew Jackson
- Democrat
- “Bank War"
- Panic of 1837
- Trail of Term
- Spoils System
- Served 2 Terms
Martin Van Buren
- Democratic
- Divorce Bill
- Independent Treasury Bill
- His delayed actions to end the Panic of 1837 caused the economic downturn to continue for many years.
- Served 1 Term
William Henry Harrison
- Whig
- Died in Office on April 4, 1841
- Served 1 Term
John Tyler
- Whig
- Democrat
- Vetoes Bank of United States
- Lowered Tariff
- Served 1 Term
James K. Polk
- Democrat
- Oregon Treaty w/Britain
- Mexican-American War
- Served 1 Term
Zachary Taylor
- Whig
- Underground Railroad
- Gold Rush
- Congressional Debate of 1850
- Died in Office on July 9, 1850
- Served 1 Term
Millard Fillmore
- Whig
- Compromise of 1850
- Fugitive-Slave Law of 1850
- “2nd Era of Good Feelings”
- Served 1 Term
Franklin Pierce
- Democrat
- Transcontinental Railroad
- Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Lecompton Constitution with Kansas
- Served 1 Term
James Buchanan
- Democrat
- Dred Scott Case
- Panic of 1857
- Served 1 Term
Abraham Lincoln
- Republican
- Civil War
- Emancipation Proclamation
- Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theater
- Served 2 Terms
US During Civil War (1861-1865)
People to Know During the Civil War
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the US during the Civil War. He was hated by the South causing them to leave the Union when he was elected.
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the US during the Civil War. He was hated by the South causing them to leave the Union when he was elected.
George McClellan
George McClellan was a U.S. Army officer, railroad president and politician who served as a major general during the Civil War.
George McClellan was a U.S. Army officer, railroad president and politician who served as a major general during the Civil War.
George Meade
George Meade was a U.S. Army general and civil engineer who served as commander of the Union Army of the Potomac during the Civil War.
George Meade was a U.S. Army general and civil engineer who served as commander of the Union Army of the Potomac during the Civil War.
Joseph Hooker
Joseph Hooker was a career U.S. military officer who served as a major general and commander of the Union Army of the Potomac during the Civil War.
Joseph Hooker was a career U.S. military officer who served as a major general and commander of the Union Army of the Potomac during the Civil War.
Robert Gould Shaw
Robert Gould Shaw was an American soldier in the Union Army during the U.S. Civil War.
Robert Gould Shaw was an American soldier in the Union Army during the U.S. Civil War.
Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses Grant commanded the victorious Union army during the American Civil War and served as the 18th U.S. president from 1869 to 1877.
Ulysses Grant commanded the victorious Union army during the American Civil War and served as the 18th U.S. president from 1869 to 1877.
William T. Sherman
William Tecumseh Sherman was an American soldier, businessman, educator and author. He served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
William Tecumseh Sherman was an American soldier, businessman, educator and author. He served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Ambrose Burnside
Ambrose Burnside was a U.S. military officer, railroad executive and politician best known for serving as a Union general during the Civil War.
Ambrose Burnside was a U.S. military officer, railroad executive and politician best known for serving as a Union general during the Civil War.
David G Farragut
David Farragut was an accomplished U.S. naval officer, who received great acclaim for his service to the Union during the American Civil War.
David Farragut was an accomplished U.S. naval officer, who received great acclaim for his service to the Union during the American Civil War.
Robert E Lee
Robert Edward Lee was an American general known for commanding the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865.
Robert Edward Lee was an American general known for commanding the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865.
Stonewall Jackson
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson was a war hero and one of the South’s most successful generals during the American Civil War.
George Pickett
George Edward Pickett was a career United States Army officer who became a major general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.
George Edward Pickett was a career United States Army officer who became a major general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.
P.G.T Beaurgard
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard was a U.S. military officer who later served as a Confederate general during the Civil War.
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard was a U.S. military officer who later served as a Confederate general during the Civil War.
James Longstreet
James Longstreet was a U.S. Army officer, government official and most famously a lieutenant general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War.
James Longstreet was a U.S. Army officer, government official and most famously a lieutenant general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War.
Civil War Battles
The battle of Fort Sumter was from April 12-14, 1861 and was the bombardment and surrender of Fort Sumter located near Charleston, South Carolina. It's said to be the start of the Civil War. Major Robert Anderson of the U.S. army moved his small command to Fort Sumter. U.S. President James Buchanan sent a ship to resupply and reinforce Fort Sumter, but it was fired upon by shore batteries. South Carolina authorities then seized all Federal property in the Charleston area except for Fort Sumter. President Abe Lincoln notified the Governor of South Carolina that he was sending more supply ships which resulted in the command to evacuate Fort Sumter immediately, but Major Anderson refused to surrender. On April 12th at 4:30 am the Confederates attacked the fort and Major Anderson finally agreed to evacuate. No one died from the attack but during the surrender ceremonies there were two Union deaths.
The First Battle of Bull Run
Date: July 21, 1861
Location: Bull Run River (Manassas Junction)
Northern Forces marched from Washington DC expecting a quick victory. After initially pushing the southern forces back, southern forces charged at the union soldiers with their ¨Rebel Yell" forcing the North to retreat.
Date: July 21, 1861
Location: Bull Run River (Manassas Junction)
Northern Forces marched from Washington DC expecting a quick victory. After initially pushing the southern forces back, southern forces charged at the union soldiers with their ¨Rebel Yell" forcing the North to retreat.
Monitor vs Merrimack
Date: March 8, 1862
Location: Norfolk, VA (Hampton Roads)
The South had covered an abandon Northern ship with iron in effort to break the Union blockade The north counted with their own ironclad. The ships fought to a draw but it's considered a Union victory. They kept the South in the Harbor
Date: March 8, 1862
Location: Norfolk, VA (Hampton Roads)
The South had covered an abandon Northern ship with iron in effort to break the Union blockade The north counted with their own ironclad. The ships fought to a draw but it's considered a Union victory. They kept the South in the Harbor
Battle of Shiloh
Date: April 6-8,1862
Location: Corinth, MS/Shiloh, TN
Led by General Ulysses S. Grant the North defeated the South in the bloodiest 2-day battle of the Civil War. Grant earned the reputation as a “butcher” of men. Congress wanted him removed but Lincoln responded “I can't spare this man; he fights.”
Date: April 6-8,1862
Location: Corinth, MS/Shiloh, TN
Led by General Ulysses S. Grant the North defeated the South in the bloodiest 2-day battle of the Civil War. Grant earned the reputation as a “butcher” of men. Congress wanted him removed but Lincoln responded “I can't spare this man; he fights.”
Capture of New Orleans
Date: April 25, 1862
Location: New Orleans, LA
Union forces, led by Admiral David G Farragut, surprised the South capturing New Orleans. The city was a major trade city of the South and its capture meant less supplies for the Confederate soldiers.
Date: April 25, 1862
Location: New Orleans, LA
Union forces, led by Admiral David G Farragut, surprised the South capturing New Orleans. The city was a major trade city of the South and its capture meant less supplies for the Confederate soldiers.
Battle of Antietam
Date: Sept. 17, 1862
Location: Antietam Creek, MD
Due to General McClellan's hesitation the North was attacked by Lee’s forces. The North was able to hold off the South in the bloodiest single-day battle of the war. The hesitation by McClellan caused Lincoln to replace him. Also convinced Lincoln to write / issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
Date: Sept. 17, 1862
Location: Antietam Creek, MD
Due to General McClellan's hesitation the North was attacked by Lee’s forces. The North was able to hold off the South in the bloodiest single-day battle of the war. The hesitation by McClellan caused Lincoln to replace him. Also convinced Lincoln to write / issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
Emancipation Proclamation
Date: January 1, 1863
Location: Washington DC
Lincoln understood that taking a stand against slavery would make Britain and France less likely to aid this South. The Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves within any state in Rebellion against the US. This allowed African-Americans to join the military and led to the 13th Amendment.
Date: January 1, 1863
Location: Washington DC
Lincoln understood that taking a stand against slavery would make Britain and France less likely to aid this South. The Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves within any state in Rebellion against the US. This allowed African-Americans to join the military and led to the 13th Amendment.
Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville
Date: December 13, 1862/May 2, 1863
Location: Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville
Fredericksburg General Burnside mistakenly thought he could charge up a hill and overtake the Confederates. The Union suffered heavy losses and Burnside resigned as general. At Chancellorsville the Confederates scored another Victory with a high cost. General Stonewall Jackson was shot and died 8 Days later.
Date: December 13, 1862/May 2, 1863
Location: Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville
Fredericksburg General Burnside mistakenly thought he could charge up a hill and overtake the Confederates. The Union suffered heavy losses and Burnside resigned as general. At Chancellorsville the Confederates scored another Victory with a high cost. General Stonewall Jackson was shot and died 8 Days later.
Siege at Vicksburg
Date: May 18-July 14, 1863
Location: Vicksburg, MS
Over 9 months Grant Ledisi Jean Vicksburg, finally gaining Victory on July 4th 1863. The North now gained control over the Mississippi River, thus splitting the Confederacy in two. Following his victory, President Lincoln named Grant commander of the US Army
Date: May 18-July 14, 1863
Location: Vicksburg, MS
Over 9 months Grant Ledisi Jean Vicksburg, finally gaining Victory on July 4th 1863. The North now gained control over the Mississippi River, thus splitting the Confederacy in two. Following his victory, President Lincoln named Grant commander of the US Army
Battle of Gettysburg
Date: July 1-4, 1863
Location: Gettysburg, PA
Northern and Southern forces met by accident at Gettysburg. The first two days the South pushed the North back to cemetery Ridge. On the third day Lee sent General Pickett over the ridge where they were easy targets for the North. The South had to retreat. The failed charge was known as “Pickett's Charge”
Date: July 1-4, 1863
Location: Gettysburg, PA
Northern and Southern forces met by accident at Gettysburg. The first two days the South pushed the North back to cemetery Ridge. On the third day Lee sent General Pickett over the ridge where they were easy targets for the North. The South had to retreat. The failed charge was known as “Pickett's Charge”
Sherman's March to the Sea
Date: November 15-December 21, 1864
Location: Atlanta, GA/Savannah, GA
After leaving the decimated city of Atlanta on November 16, Sherman led his troops on a destructive campaign which concluded with the capture of the port city of Savannah on December 21. It is known for its boldness as well as the sheer destruction inflicted on the south, both to its industry as well as military targets, effectively destroying the Confederate’s capacity to wage war
Date: November 15-December 21, 1864
Location: Atlanta, GA/Savannah, GA
After leaving the decimated city of Atlanta on November 16, Sherman led his troops on a destructive campaign which concluded with the capture of the port city of Savannah on December 21. It is known for its boldness as well as the sheer destruction inflicted on the south, both to its industry as well as military targets, effectively destroying the Confederate’s capacity to wage war
Surrender at Appomattox
Date: April 9, 1865
Location: Appomattox Court House, VA
Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his approximately 28,000 troops to Union General Ulysses S. Grant in the front parlor of Wilmer McLean’s home in Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the American Civil War. Days earlier, Lee had abandoned the Confederate capital of Richmond and city of Petersburg, hoping to escape with the remnants of his Army of Northern Virginia, meet up with additional Confederate forces in North Carolina and resume fighting. When Union forces cut off his final retreat, Lee was forced to surrender, finally ending four years of bloody sectional conflict.
Date: April 9, 1865
Location: Appomattox Court House, VA
Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his approximately 28,000 troops to Union General Ulysses S. Grant in the front parlor of Wilmer McLean’s home in Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the American Civil War. Days earlier, Lee had abandoned the Confederate capital of Richmond and city of Petersburg, hoping to escape with the remnants of his Army of Northern Virginia, meet up with additional Confederate forces in North Carolina and resume fighting. When Union forces cut off his final retreat, Lee was forced to surrender, finally ending four years of bloody sectional conflict.
Lincoln’s Assassination
Date: April 14, 1865
Location: Washington, DC
John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor and Confederate sympathizer, fatally shot President Abraham Lincoln at a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. The attack came only five days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his massive army at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the American Civil War.
Date: April 14, 1865
Location: Washington, DC
John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor and Confederate sympathizer, fatally shot President Abraham Lincoln at a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. The attack came only five days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his massive army at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the American Civil War.